Which of the following are included in the concept of “State” under Article 12?

Option A: Railway Board and Electricity Board

Option B: Judiciary

Option C: University

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer

Option: d

Explanation

Railway Board and Electricity Board; (b) Judiciary, and (c) University, All are included in the concept of State under Article 12. Article 12 of Indian Constitution states that-In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State” includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India. Refer (i) Rajasthan Electricity Board v. Mohan Lal, AIR 1967 SC 1857-‘Railway & Electricity Board’; (ii) Naresh Sridhar Mirajkar V State of Maharashtra, 1966 SCR (3) 744; AR Antulay v. R.5 Nayak, AIR 1988 SC 1531 -‘Judiciary’; (iii) Rajasthan Electricity Board v. Mohan Lal, AIR 1967 SC 1857-‘University’.

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