1. Law made by the ruler under divine inspiration:- In the beginning, the law was made by the command of the king believed to be acting under the divine inspiration of the Goddess of justice. Who was above the law and whose commands must be obeyed by the inferiors? 2. Customary Law:- In the next stage, the office of the King or Judge was inspired by the heads of the councils. The priest became a repository of law that circulated the King’s power and claimed the sole monopoly of knowledge. Therefore, the priest class tried to preserve the customs of race or caste intact. Since the art of writing was not invented, the customs of the community became law for those who were united with blood relations. In this way, we notice a special event. The concept of custom is a development of the theory of Maine emerging behind the mesters or judgments. 3. Knowledge of law in the hands of Priests:- In the next phase of the development of the law, in order to implement and execute the law inspired by the Priest class, the King’s right claimed to be learned in law as well as in religion. The priest class claimed that they remembered the rules of customary law because the art of writing was not developed till then. 4.Codification:- Then comes the era of codification marks the fourth and perhaps the final stage of the development of law. With the discovery of the art of writing, a section of scholars and jurists came forward to condemn the authority of the priests as law officials. He advocated the codification of the law to make it accessible and easy to know. It broke the monopoly of the Priest class in matters of administration of law. The most important codes of the era were Rome’s Twelve Tables, Codes of Manu which were a mixture of moral, religious, and civil laws, Twelve Tables in Rome, Attic Code of Solomon, Hebrew Code, Codes of Hammurabi, etc.
